Dr. (Ms.)Wishfully Mylliemngap
Ha kine ki khyndiat sngi ba la dep, la mih kawei ka khubor ba ka Ruchi Soya kaba dei ka tnat jong ka kompani Patanjali ka la thmu ban sdang rep ia u wei u jaitdieng tlai ba khot ‘Oil Palm’ ha ka jylla Meghalaya bad kiwei ki jylla ka thain shatei lam mihngi ka ri India. Shuh shuh, kane ka company ka thmu ruh ban shna jaka pynmih umphniang na ki soh u ne u dieng tlai. Mar ia saphriang kane ka khubor, la mih ki jingkynthoh ha ki kotkhubor, social media bad kiwei pat ki lad pathai khubor halor kumno ka jingrep ia une u dieng ka lah ban ktah ia ki khlaw ki btap, ki jingthung bad ki mrad ki mreng kiba don ha kine ki thain jong ngi khamtam ia kita ki ba ngi ong ki ‘native species’ ne ‘endemic species’ (ki jingthaw ba im ki ba don tang ha kine ki jaka jong ngi bad ki bym lah ban shem ha kiwei pat ki jaka).
To ngin ia peit mynta uei u ne u dieng ‘Oil Palm’ bad kumno u kylla long u mar rep ha ri India? Une u dieng u dei u kynja Dieng Tlai uba la tip da ka scientific name Elaeisguineensis, u ba dei na ka juh ka jait kum ki diengkwai, snepkor. Ka tynrai jong u ka dei na West Africa, hynrei u lah ban im ruh ha kiwei pat ki jaka ba ka jinglong ka suinbneng (climate) ka shit bad sngem (humid) bad donkam ruh shibun ka um ban rep ia u. Na ki soh jong u lah ban pynmih umphniang kaba pyndonkam ha ka shet jingshet, shna jingtahsniehdoh (cosmetics), sabon, shampoo, dawai bad kiwei pat ki jingpyndonkam. Ka Indonesia ka dei ka ri ba pynmih bun tam ka umphniang (Palm Oil) ha ka pyrthei, bud sa ka Malaysia, Thailand bad Columbia. Ka India pat ka dei kawei na ki ri ba thied bun eh ka Palm Oil na ki wei pat ki ri (import). Na kane ka daw ka India ka la sdang ban pynshlur ia ki nongrep ban rep ia une u dieng khnang ba kan ym donkam shuh ban thied na shabar ri bad ban pynmih um phniang hi ha ri la jong. Ka Sorkar India, naduh ki snem 1999-2000 hapoh ka scheme ‘Technology Mission on Oilseeds & Pulses (TMOP)’ ka la thaw iaka ‘Oil Palm Development Programme (OPDP)’ da ka jingthmu ban pynshlur ia ka rep Oil Palm ha ka Ri. Nangta, ha ki snem 2011-12 haduh 2014-15 la ialeh ban pyniar shuh shuh ia ki jaka rep Oil Palm da kaba pyntreikam ia ka prokram kyrpang ba la khot‘Oil Palm Area Expansion (OPAE)’ hapoh jong ka RKVY scheme. Ha ka Plan San Snemkaba 12 (12th Five Year Plan), la sdang ia ka‘National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP)’, kaba kynthup hapoh jong ka ia ka Mini Mission – II (MM – II). Kane ka MM-II dei kaba la shna kyrpang tang naka bynta ban pyniar ia ki jaka rep bad pynroi iaka jingpynmih Oil Palm ha ka ri India bad la pyntreikam ha 12 tylli ki jylla – Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Gujarat, Karnataka, Odisha, Mizoram, Nagaland, Assam bad Arunachal Pradesh. Kat haduh u snem 2017-18 ki jaka rep Oil Palm ha ri India kila don kumba 3 lak hectare bad ka Sorkar ka don jingthmu ban nang pyniar shuh shuh sa ha kiwei pat ki jylla ka thain shatei lammihngi bad Andaman & Nicobar.
Kiba bun ki riew shemphang na kylleng ki ri ka pyrthei bad kum juh ruh ha ri India ki la pule bad wad bniah (research) shaphang une u Oil Palm bad kumno kaba rep ia u ka lah ban pynkylla iaka dur bad jingtrei kam ka mariang. Ha Indonesia, Borneo, Sumatra bad Malay Peninsula bad ki bynta ka West Africa la shem ba ka jingrep Oil Palm kadei kawei na ki daw ba wallam ia ka jingpynjot iaki khlaw ki btap (deforestation). Ka jing duh ki khlaw ki btap ka wanrah ruh ia kiwei pat ki jingjulor ka mariang kum ka jingshahrongnoh ka khyndew (soil erosion), jakhlia ka um bad ka lyer (pollution) bad ka jingpynduh noh ia ka jaka shong jaka sah (loss of habitat) jong ki mrad ki mreng bad jingthung jingtep ba bunjait, kaba lah ban pynlong ruh iaki ban duhjait syndon (extinction).
Haba phai sha ki ri ba marjan jong ngi, ka Sri Lanka dang shen ka la rai ban pynduh bad rat dyngkhong noh syndon ia une u jaitdieng na ka ri baroh ka wei namar ka shem ba u dei u wei na ki daw ba pynlong ia ka jing shahrongnoh ka khyndew (soil erosion), jingtyrkhong ki tyllong um (drying of springs) bad don ka jingma ba u lah ban pynduh jait ruh ia kiwei pat ki jait jingthung ba la ju rep naduh mynbarim ha kane ka ri kum u snepkor, slasha bad diengjri (rubber).
Ha kane ka thain jong ngi, ka Sorkar ka la pynshlur ban rep ia une u dieng ha ki jylla Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland bad Tripura. Ka Manipur ruh ka la sdang ia kane ka jingrep lajan shi snem mynta na duh u snem 2020. Ha ka jylla Mizoram, kaba la sdang nyngkong eh ban rep ia une u dieng naduh u snem 2005, la iathuh ba ka jingpyniar ia ki jaka ban rep une u dieng kala ktah ia ka jingdon ki jingthaw ba im khamtam ki jait sim bapher ki la duna ha ki jaka ba rep ia u. Kumjuh ruh, ki jaka rep kynthup ia ki pynthor kba ki la jan shah tyllep lut bad pynkylla sha ki jaka rep Oil Palm. Kumta kane ka lah ban wanrah ka jingduh jait noh jong shi bun ki kynja jingthung, ki mrad, ki sim bad pynduna ruh ia ka jingrep ki mar bam kum u kba, ki jhur bad ki soh ki pai bad kiwei pat ki mar rep.
Da kaba khmih ia ki nuksa ba la kdew haneng na kiwei pat ki ri ka pyrthei bad na ri India ruh, ngi sngewthuh ba wat la ka jingrep ia une u jait dieng lehse ka lah ban long kawei na ki lad kamai pisa ia ki nongrep ha kane ka thain, hynrei ka don ruh ka jingktah ia ka mariang bad ki jingthaw ba im baroh. Lehse shisha une u dieng u lah ban pynroi spah ia ki nongrep jong ngi ha kine ki san ne shiphew snem ban wan, hynrei ym lah pat ban pynthikna la kan pynbha ne pynsniew ia ki khlaw ki btap ba la don naduh myn barim (native forests), ki lum ki wah bad iaka mariang la da une u dieng u la roi palat. La da ngi long kiba kloi ban iapein noh ia kine ki spah mariang ba kor dor jong ngi bad une u Oil Palm khlem da wad bad pule bniah shwa iaki jingktah ba un wanrah ha ki pateng ban dang wan, kata ka nym long kaba ai jingmyntoi bad kan pynlong pynban ia ka jylla Meghalaya jong ngi kumba long ki ri Indonesia, Malaysia ne Sri Lanka.
( I Nongthoh I trei kum I Scientist bad ka North-East Regional Centre, G.B. Pant National institute of Himalayan Environment (GBPNIHE), Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh. Phi lah ban pynpoi iaki jingkynthoh ne jingaijingmut ha ka email : wishm2015@gmail.com )